Which of the following reflects the principle of random mating in population genetics?

The principle of random mating in population genetics signifies that every individual in a population has an equal opportunity to mate with any other individual, thereby not favoring specific traits or characteristics. This randomness ensures a more diverse genetic pool and helps maintain equilibrium within the population's gene pool over generations.

When individuals mate according to physical appearance, it introduces a bias that can lead to certain traits being favored, which is not consistent with random mating. Similarly, if mating success is influenced by environmental factors, this could also skew the randomness of mating, as certain individuals may have advantages or disadvantages based on those factors. Additionally, selectively mating based on dominant alleles restricts the genetic variability that random mating aims to promote. Thus, the scenario where all individuals have an equal chance of mating is the core aspect of random mating and aligns with the principles of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in population genetics.