What major role do carotenoids play in plants?

Carotenoids play a crucial role in plants primarily as pigments that not only contribute to the colors of flowers, fruits, and leaves but also serve significant protective functions. These compounds absorb light in the blue and green parts of the spectrum and reflect yellow, orange, and red wavelengths, giving plants their vibrant hues. In addition to their aesthetic contributions, carotenoids help protect plants from the damaging effects of excess light and oxidative stress. They act as antioxidants, quenching free radicals and preventing cellular damage, especially in high-light conditions where there is a risk of photoinhibition in photosynthesis.

Thus, the role of carotenoids extends beyond just contributing to coloration; they are fundamental in safeguarding the plant's health by managing light absorption effectively and preventing overexposure to sunlight. This multifaceted function emphasizes the importance of carotenoids in the overall well-being and survival of the plant.