What is the primary function of phagocytic cells?

Phagocytic cells have a primary function that involves the defense of the body against pathogens and the clearance of cellular debris. These cells, which include types such as macrophages and neutrophils, are equipped with mechanisms to identify, engulf, and digest foreign particles such as bacteria and dead or dying cells.

The process begins when phagocytic cells recognize foreign invaders through specific receptors. Once identified, they extend their cell membrane to surround the invader, culminating in the formation of a vesicle known as a phagosome. This vesicle then fuses with lysosomes, organelles that contain digestive enzymes, resulting in the breakdown of the engulfed materials. This process is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis and is a key component of the immune response.

While other options mention important biological functions, they do not pertain to the main role of phagocytic cells. For instance, the production of antibodies is carried out by B cells, oxygen transport is a function of red blood cells, and cell division is primarily related to processes in various types of cells but is not characteristic of phagocytes. Therefore, the engulfment and digestion of cellular debris and pathogens is indeed the primary function of phagocytic cells.