What does convergent evolution refer to?

Convergent evolution refers specifically to the phenomenon where unrelated or distantly related organisms develop similar traits or adaptations as a result of being exposed to similar environments or ecological niches. This process occurs when different species face comparable selection pressures, leading them to evolve analogous structures or functions despite having different ancestral origins.

For instance, the wings of bats (mammals) and birds (avian) are excellent examples of convergent evolution. Both have developed the capability of flight but arise from entirely different lineage backgrounds. Thus, the independent evolution of similar traits across different lineages typifies convergent evolution, emphasizing adaptation rather than shared ancestry.

This concept illustrates how environmental factors can shape organisms in similar ways, allowing species to effectively adapt and thrive even though they are not closely related.