In which type of relationship does one organism benefit while the other is unaffected?

The relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected is known as commensalism. In commensal relationships, one species derives some benefit, such as shelter or transportation, while the other species neither gains nor loses anything from the interaction. This type of relationship showcases how biodiversity can result in various interactions within ecosystems where some species may thrive without overtly impacting others.

For example, epiphytic plants that grow on trees can be seen as commensals; they benefit from the structure and height provided by the tree to access sunlight, while the tree is neither helped nor hindered by their presence. This highlights the unique balance in ecosystems and how organisms can coexist in different ways.